uname -a | Show system and kernel |
head -n1 /etc/issue | Show distribution |
mount | Show mounted filesystems |
date | Show system date |
uptime | Show uptime |
whoami | Show your username |
man command | Show manual for command |
pwd | Show current directory |
mkdir dir | Make directory dir |
cd dir | Change directory to dir |
cd .. | Go up a directory |
ls | List files |
Files | |
Ctrl-R | Read file |
Ctrl-O | Save file |
Ctrl-X | Close file |
Cut and Paste | |
ALT-A | Start marking text |
CTRL-K | Cut marked text or line |
CTRL-U | Paste text |
Navigate File | |
ALT-/ | End of file |
CTRL-U | Paste text |
CTRL-A | Beginning of line |
CTRL-E | End of line |
CTRL-C | Show line number |
CTRL-_ | Go to line number |
Search File | |
CTRL-W | Find |
ALT-W | Find next |
CTRL-\ | Search and replace |
CTRL-c | Stop current command |
CTRL-z | Sleep program |
CTRL-a | Go to start of line |
CTRL-e | Go to end of line |
CTRL-u | Cut from start of line |
CTRL-k | Cut to end of line |
CTRL-r | Search history |
!! | Repeat last command |
!abc | Run last command starting with abc |
!abc:p | Print last command starting with abc |
!$ | Last argument of previous command |
ALT-. | Last argument of previous command |
!* | All arguments of previous command |
^abc^123 | Run previous command, replacing abc with 123 |
-a | Show all (including hidden) |
-R | Recursive list |
-r | Reverse order |
-t | Sort by last modified |
-S | Sort by file size |
-l | Long listing format |
-1 | One file per line |
-m | Comma-separated output |
-Q | Quoted output |
env | Show environment variables |
echo $NAME | Output value of $NAME variable |
export NAME=value | Set $NAME to value |
$PATH | Executable search path |
$HOME | Home directory |
$SHELL | Current shell |
grep pattern files | Search for pattern in files |
grep -i | Case insensitive search |
grep -r | Recursive search |
grep -v | Inverted search |
grep -o | Show matched part of file only |
find /dir/ -name name* | Find files starting with name in dir |
find /dir/ -user name | Find files owned by name in dir |
find /dir/ -mmin num | Find files modifed less than num minutes ago in dir |
whereis command | Find binary / source / manual for command |
locate file | Find file (quick search of system index) |
screen | Start a screen session. |
screen -r | Resume a screen session. |
screen -list | Show your current screen sessions. |
CTRL-A | Activate commands for screen |
CTRL-A c | Create a new instance of terminal. |
CTRL-A n | Go to the next instance of terminal. |
CTRL-A p | Go to the previous instance of terminal. |
CTRL-A " | Show current instances of terminals. |
CTRL-A A | Rename the current instance. |
env | Show environment variables |
echo $NAME | Output value of $NAME variable |
export NAME=value | Set $NAME to value |
$PATH | Executable search path |
$HOME | Home directory |
$SHELL | Current shell |
cmd < file | Input of cmd from file |
cmd1 <(cmd2) | Output of cmd2 as file input to cmd1 |
cmd > file | Standard output (stdout) of cmd to file |
cmd > /dev/null | Discard stdout of cmd |
cmd >> file | Append stdout to file |
cmd 2> file | Error output (stderr) of cmd to file |
cmd 1>&2 | stdout to same place as stderr |
cmd 2>&1 | stderr to same place as stdout |
cmd &> file | Every output of cmd to file |
cmd refers to a command. |
touch file1 | Create file1 |
cat file1 file2 | Concatenate files and output |
less file1 | View and paginate file1 |
file file1 | Get type of file1 |
cp file1 file2 | Copy file1 to file2 |
mv file1 file2 | Move file1 to file2 |
rm file1 | Delete file1 |
head file1 | Show first 10 lines of file1 |
tail file1 | Show last 10 lines of file1 |
tail -F file1 | Output last lines of file1 as it changes |
chmod 775 file | Change mode of file to 775 |
chmod -R 600 folder | Recursively chmod folder to 600 |
chown user:group file | Change file owner to user and group to group |
cmd1 | cmd2 | stdout of cmd1 to cmd2 |
cmd1 |& cmd2 | stderr of cmd1 to cmd2 |
watch -n 5 'ntpq -p' | Issue the 'ntpq -p' command every 5 seconds and display output |
cmd1 ; cmd2 | Run cmd1 then cmd2 |
cmd1 && cmd2 | Run cmd2 if cmd1 is successful |
cmd1 || cmd2 | Run cmd2 if cmd1 is not successful |
cmd & | Run cmd in a subshell |
ps | Show snapshot of processes |
top | Show real time processes |
kill pid | Kill process with id pid |
pkill name | Kill process with name name |
killall name | Kill all processes with names beginning name |